Cnidium Monnieri: An Overview

1. Conditions Studied

Cnidium Monnieri has been studied for various conditions including, but not limited to:

• Erectile dysfunction
• Infertility
• Osteoporosis
• Fungal infections
• Sexually transmitted diseases
• Skin conditions like eczema and rashes

2. Efficacy in Treating Conditions

The effectiveness of Cnidium Monnieri in treating these conditions is mixed and often lacking sufficient clinical evidence. Some studies suggest potential benefits for erectile dysfunction and skin conditions, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.

3. Health Benefits

Reported health benefits of Cnidium Monnieri include:

• Improved sexual performance
• Potential antimicrobial properties
• May strengthen bones
• Could have anti-inflammatory effects

4. Downsides

While Cnidium Monnieri is generally considered safe, some potential downsides include:

• Allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
• Possible interactions with other medications
• Limited data on long-term safety
• Side effects like nausea or dizziness at high doses

5. Genetic Variations and Effects

Currently, there is limited research on whether Cnidium Monnieri is particularly beneficial or harmful for specific genetic variations. As with many herbal supplements, individual responses can vary, and genetic factors may play a role. Consultation with a healthcare professional is advised before adding it to your regimen, especially for those with known genetic susceptibilities or conditions.

Research Summary on Cnidium Monnieri

Chemical Analysis and Extraction Methods

Several studies have developed methods for analyzing and extracting compounds from Cnidium Monnieri, including HPLC, SFE, GC-MS, and HSCCC. These studies identified and quantified key bioactive components such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, senkyunolide A, Z-ligustilide, osthole, imperatorin, bergapten, and more. These methods have been validated for accuracy and reproducibility.

Pharmacological Effects

Cnidium Monnieri compounds have exhibited various pharmacological effects. Osthole and imperatorin have been shown to enhance glutamate release in the hippocampus of rats and modulate neurotransmitter systems. Osthole was also found to possess cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines and to exhibit hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive enhancing properties.

Compound Identification and Metabolism

Research has focused on identifying compounds in Cnidium Monnieri and their metabolism. Studies have investigated metabolic pathways, tissue distribution, and pharmacokinetics, highlighting the significance of osthole and its derivatives in medicinal applications.

Osthole Derivatives and Effects

Synthetic derivatives of osthole have been evaluated for their medicinal potential, including hepatoprotective, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Derivatives have shown to be effective in various models, potentially providing a basis for new therapeutic drugs.

Therapeutic Potential

Osthole has demonstrated potential in treating conditions such as alcoholic fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and erectile dysfunction. Its mechanisms include influencing lipid metabolism, enhancing enzyme activity, and improving spatial memory deficits.

Conclusion

The collective research on Cnidium Monnieri points to its significant medicinal potential, particularly due to its bioactive compounds such as osthole. The studies support its traditional use and provide a foundation for developing new therapeutic agents.

References:

1. Simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and phthalide compounds by liquid chromatography for quality assessment of Rhizoma cnidii
2. Identification and quantification of the volatile constituents in Cnidium monnieri using supercritical fluid extraction followed by GC-MS
3. Preparative isolation and purification of bergapten and imperatorin from the medicinal plant Cnidium monnieri using high-speed counter-current chromatography by stepwise increasing the flow-rate of the mobile phase
4. Osthole and imperatorin, the active constituents of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, facilitate glutamate release from rat hippocampal nerve terminals
5. Main constituents from the seeds of Vietnamese Cnidium monnieri and cytotoxic activity
6. Comparison of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography on fingerprint of Cnidium monnieri
7. Candidates for cognitive enhancer extracted from medicinal plants: paeoniflorin and tetramethylpyrazine
8. HPLC-based activity profiling of Angelica pubescens roots for new positive GABAA receptor modulators in Xenopus oocytes
9. Sesquiterpenes with hepatoprotective activity from Cnidium monnieri on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells
10. Chromones and coumarins from the dried fructus of Cnidium monnieri
11. Synthetic derivatives of osthole for the prevention of hepatitis
12. The relaxant action of osthole isolated from Angelica pubescens in guinea-pig trachea
13. Discovery of novel osthole derivatives as potential anti-breast cancer treatment
14. Components of rhizome extract of Cnidium officinale Makino and their in vitro biological effects
15. Determination of osthole in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatograph using cloud-point extraction
16. Application of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the study of the osthole pharmacokinetics in cerebral ischemia hypoperfusion rat plasma
17. Determination of osthol and its metabolites in a phase I reaction system and the Caco-2 cell model by HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS
18. [Absorption and transport of 6 coumarins isolated from the roots of Angelica pubescens f. biserrata in human Caco-2 cell monolayer model]
19. HPLC determination and pharmacokinetics of osthole in rat plasma after oral administration of Fructus Cnidii extract
20. Comparative study of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of osthole in rats after oral administration of pure osthole and Libanotis buchtormensis supercritical extract
21. Effect of the inhibition of CYP3A4 or CYP2D6 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone
22. [Metabolism of osthol in isolated hepatocytes of rat]
23. Isolation and identification of metabolites of osthole in rats
24. Osthole improves alcohol-induced fatty liver in mice by reduction of hepatic oxidative stress
25. Inhibitory effect of osthole on alcohol-induced fatty liver in mice
26. Osthol regulates hepatic PPAR alpha-mediated lipogenic gene expression in alcoholic fatty liver murine
27. Therapeutic effect of osthole on hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats
28. Osthole regulates enzyme protein expression of CYP7A1 and DGAT2 via activation of PPARalpha/gamma in fat milk-induced fatty liver rats
29. Osthole improves fat milk-induced fatty liver in rats: modulation of hepatic PPAR-alpha/gamma-mediated lipogenic gene expression
30. Osthol ameliorates fat milk-induced fatty liver in mice by regulation of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c/2-mediated target gene expression
31. Osthole enhances glucose uptake through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle cells
32. Osthole suppresses fatty acid synthase expression in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells through modulating Akt/mTOR pathway
33. EGCG inhibits protein synthesis, lipogenesis, and cell cycle progression through activation of AMPK in p53 positive and negative human hepatoma cells
34. Fatty acid synthase and cancer: new application of an old pathway
35. Level of HER2/neu gene amplification as a predictive factor of response to trastuzumab-based therapy in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
36. Effects of osthole on migration and invasion in breast cancer cells
37. Overexpression of ErbB2 in cancer and ErbB2-targeting strategies
38. Involvement of the cGMP pathway in the osthole-facilitated glutamate release in rat hippocampal nerve endings
39. Osthole or imperatorin-mediated facilitation of glutamate release is associated with a synaptic vesicle mobilization in rat hippocampal glutamatergic nerve endings
40. Effect of excitatory amino acid receptor agonists on penile erection after administration into the CA3 hippocampal region in the rat
41. Elicitation of penile erection following activation of the hippocampal formation in the rat
42. Insights into structure-activity relationship of GABAA receptor modulating coumarins and furanocoumarins
43. Osthole improves aspects of spatial performance in ovariectomized rats
44. The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway--new players upstream and downstream
45. Osthole, a potential antidiabetic agent, alleviates hyperglycemia in db/db mice
46. Osthole ameliorates insulin resistance by increment of adiponectin release in high-fat and high-sucrose-induced fatty liver rats
47. Computational screening and design of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to block phosphodiesterase-5
48. Effect of the plant-extract osthole on the relaxation of rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue in vitro
49. Vasorelaxing effect of coumarins from Cnidium monnieri on rabbit corpus cavernosum
50. [Effects of osthol on androgen level and nitric oxide synthase activity in castrate rats]
51. Effects of osthole on postmenopausal osteoporosis using ovariectomized rats; comparison to the effects of estradiol
52. Effects of herbal components of tokishakuyakusan on progesterone secretion by corpus luteum in vitro
53. Inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of herbal medicines on substance P-induced itch-scratch response
54. Antipruritic effect of Cnidii Monnieri Fructus (fruits of Cnidium monnieri CUSSON)
55. Inhibition of itch-scratch response by fruits of Cnidium monnieri in mice
56. Anti-allergic effects of cnidii monnieri fructus (dried fruits of Cnidium monnieri) and its major component, osthol
57. Vasorelaxation of rat thoracic aorta caused by osthole isolated from Angelica pubescens

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