Evodia Rutaecarpa - A Detailed Overview

1) Conditions Studied

Evodia Rutaecarpa has been studied for various conditions including gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, hypertension, inflammation, and as a potential analgesic. Traditional use also suggests its application in treating dysentery and amenorrhea.

2) Efficacy in Treating Conditions

While traditional medicine systems such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) advocate its use, scientific evidence on the efficacy of Evodia Rutaecarpa is mixed. Some studies suggest possible benefits, but more rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish its effectiveness in treating the aforementioned conditions.

3) Health Benefits

Evodia Rutaecarpa is believed to have various health benefits, which may include:

• Anti-inflammatory properties
• Analgesic effects
• Gastroprotective effects
• Thermogenic properties, possibly aiding in weight loss

4) Potential Downsides

There are several potential downsides to the use of Evodia Rutaecarpa, such as:

• Possible hepatotoxicity with long-term use
• Interactions with other medications
• Gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting
• Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to lack of safety data

5) Genetic Variations and Effects

Currently, there is limited research on the relationship between genetic variations and the effects of Evodia Rutaecarpa. As with many herbal supplements, individual responses can vary widely, and certain genetic polymorphisms may influence metabolism, efficacy, and safety of the plant's compounds. Further research is needed to establish a clear connection between genetic variations and the benefits or risks of Evodia Rutaecarpa use.

Summary of Research on Evodia Rutaecarpa

The research focuses on Evodia Rutaecarpa (E. Fructus) and its primary alkaloids, highlighting their impact on drug metabolism and potential therapeutic applications.

Wu-chu-yu-tang and Drug Metabolism

The traditional herbal medicine Wu-chu-yu-tang was studied for its effects on mouse liver enzyme activities involved in drug metabolism. A significant increase in CYP1a2 activity was observed, suggesting potential drug interactions.

Influence of Evodiae Fructus and Rutaecarpine

Among Wu-chu-yu-tang's components, only Evodiae Fructus extract led to an increase in liver enzyme activity and CYP1a2 protein levels. Rutaecarpine was identified as the active ingredient responsible for this effect.

Metabolism of Rutaecarpine

Rutaecarpine undergoes metabolism by various human cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s), with CYP1A1 showing the highest activity. High concentrations of rutaecarpine could inhibit its own metabolism, suggesting possible substrate inhibition.

Structure and Pharmacokinetics Analysis

Evodiamide's structural analysis and pharmacokinetics of various compounds from Wuzhuyu decoction and Fructus Evodiae were studied, revealing insights into their bioavailability and potential for therapeutic use.

Transdermal Delivery of Alkaloids

A study showed that microemulsions significantly enhance the transdermal delivery of evodiamine and rutaecarpine, offering an effective method for administering these alkaloids.

Antihypertensive Effects

Rutaecarpine showed dose-dependent blood pressure-lowering effects in rat models when administered in a solid dispersion form, implicating its potential use for hypertension treatment.

Anticancer Properties

Several studies reported the anticancer activities of Evodia rutaecarpa compounds, demonstrating their potential in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing apoptosis in various cancer cell lines.

Evodia Rutaecarpa Interactions and Effects

The research also covers the interactions between Evodia rutaecarpa and other medications, such as caffeine and theophylline, suggesting that its components can influence the metabolism of these drugs.

TCM Concepts of Cold and Hot Nature

Studies exploring the TCM concepts of "Cold" and "Hot" nature in herbal formulas revealed that Evodia rutaecarpa exhibits "Hot" nature, influencing temperature preferences and energy metabolism in animal models.

Conclusion

The body of research on Evodia Rutaecarpa provides valuable insights into its effects on drug metabolism, potential therapeutic applications, and interaction with other drugs, reinforcing the need for awareness of possible drug interactions when using traditional herbal medicines.

References:

1. Effects of Wu-chu-yu-tang and its component herbs on drug-metabolizing enzymes
2. Oxidative metabolism of the alkaloid rutaecarpine by human cytochrome P450
3. Evodiamide
4. Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic analysis of seven alkaloids and two flavonoids from rat plasma by HPLC-DAD after oral administration of Wuzhuyu decoction
5. Quantitative analyses of indoloquinazoline alkaloids in Fructus Evodiae by high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry
6. New glycosidic alkaloid from the nearly ripe fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa
7. Contents of constituents in mature and immature fruits of evodia species
8. Pharmacokinetics and urine metabolite identification of dehydroevodiamine in the rat
9. New cytotoxic quinolone alkaloids from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa
10. Two new acylgluconic acids from the nearly ripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa
11. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of limonin isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa var. bodinieri
12. A new limonoid from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth
13. Comparative analysis of essential oil components of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth
14. Enhanced transdermal delivery of evodiamine and rutaecarpine using microemulsion
15. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of rutaecarpine and evodiamine after oral administration of Wu-Chu-Yu extracts with different purities to rats
16. Solid dispersion of rutaecarpine improved its antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats
17. Relative determination of dehydroevodiamine in rat plasma by LC-MS and study on its pharmacokinetics
18. Pharmacological properties of galenical preparation. XVI. Pharmacokinetics of evodiamine and the metabolite in rats
19. Pharmacokinetic characterization of dehydroevodiamine in the rat brain
20. Effect of structural modification on the inhibitory selectivity of rutaecarpine derivatives on human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1
21. Characterization of in vitro metabolites of rutaecarpine in rat liver microsomes using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
22. Elimination of rutaecarpine and its metabolites in rat feces and urine measured by liquid chromatography
23. The alkaloid rutaecarpine is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A in mouse and human liver microsomes
24. Induction of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase in mouse liver and kidney by rutaecarpine, an alkaloid of the herbal drug Evodia rutaecarpa
25. The bronchoconstrictive action of evodiamine, an indoloquinazoline alkaloid isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, on guinea-pig isolated bronchus: possible involvement on vanilloid receptors
26. The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of evodiamine and rutaecarpine, indoloquinazoline alkaloids isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, on the guinea-pig isolated right atria: possible involvement of vanilloid receptors
27. Antinociceptive activities of 70% methanol extract of evodiae fructus (fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa var. bodinieri) and its alkaloidal components
28. Capsaicin-like anti-obese activities of evodiamine from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, a vanilloid receptor agonist
29. Cold hyposensitivity after topical application of capsaicin in humans
30. Evodiamine improves diet-induced obesity in a uncoupling protein-1-independent manner: involvement of antiadipogenic mechanism and extracellularly regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling
31. Evodiamine functions as an agonist for the vanilloid receptor TRPV1
32. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel prevents adipogenesis and obesity
33. Inhibitory effect and transcriptional impact of berberine and evodiamine on human white preadipocyte differentiation
34. Inhibitory effect of evodiamine alone and in combination with rosiglitazone on in vitro adipocyte differentiation and in vivo obesity related to diabetes
35. Six alkaloids inhibit secretion of IL-1α, TXB(2), ET-1 and E-selectin in LPS-induced endothelial cells
36. Anti-inflammatory principles from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and their cellular action mechanisms
37. Evodiamine represses hypoxia-induced inflammatory proteins expression and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha accumulation in RAW264.7
38. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression by dehydroevodiamine through suppression of NF-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages
39. A new class of COX-2 inhibitor, rutaecarpine from Evodia rutaecarpa
40. Next generation topoisomerase I inhibitors: Rationale and biomarker strategies
41. Evodiamine stabilizes topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable complex to inhibit topoisomerase I activity
42. Cytotoxicity and DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activity of constituents isolated from the fruits of Evodia officinalis
43. Evodiamine, a dual catalytic inhibitor of type I and II topoisomerases, exhibits enhanced inhibition against camptothecin resistant cells
44. Cytotoxic effect of evodiamine in SGC-7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells via simultaneous induction of apoptosis and autophagy
45. Induction of apoptosis by evodiamine involves both activation of mitotic arrest and mitotic slippage
46. [Proportion of Coptidis rhizoma and Evodiae fructus in the compound preparation: its effect in inducing apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells]
47. Atypical apoptosis in L929 cells induced by evodiamine isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa
48. Antitumor mechanism of evodiamine, a constituent from Chinese herb Evodiae fructus, in human multiple-drug resistant breast cancer NCI/ADR-RES cells in vitro and in vivo
49. Inhibitory effects of Zuo-Jin-Wan and its alkaloidal ingredients on activator protein 1, nuclear factor-κB, and cellular transformation in HepG2 cells
50. Caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis induced by evodiamine in human leukemic U937 cells
51. Anti-invasive and metastatic activities of evodiamine
52. Antiproliferation and apoptosis induced by evodiamine in human colorectal carcinoma cells (COLO-205)
53. [Effects of Coptis chinensis and Evodia rutaecarpa water extract on DMH-induced precancerous lesion of colon]
54. Anti-proliferative effects of evodiamine on human thyroid cancer cell line ARO
55. [Effect of protein kinase C on human melanoma A375-S2 cell death induced by evodiamine]
56. Roles of SIRT1 and phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase/protein kinase C pathways in evodiamine-induced human melanoma A375-S2 cell death
57. Evodiamine induces tumor cell death through different pathways: apoptosis and necrosis
58. Evodiamine, a constituent of Evodiae Fructus, induces anti-proliferating effects in tumor cells
59. In vivo inhibition of S180 tumors by the synergistic effect of the Chinese medicinal herbs Coptis chinensis and Evodia rutaecarpa
60. [Anti-cancer activity of Zuojinwan in vivo and influence to tumor markers in mice transplanted with sarcoma 180]
61. Effects of rutaecarpine on the metabolism and urinary excretion of caffeine in rats
62. Effects of Evodia rutaecarpa and rutaecarpine on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in rats
63. Alteration of the pharmacokinetics of theophylline by rutaecarpine, an alkaloid of the medicinal herb Evodia rutaecarpa, in rats
64. Induction of cytochrome P450s by rutaecarpine and metabolism of rutaecarpine by cytochrome P450s
65. [COLD or HOT natural attribute of Zuojinwan and Fanzuojinwan based on temperature tropism of mice]
66. [COLD and HOT nature of Coptis & Evodia and their prescriptions investigated with diet restriction/cold-water swimming mice models]
67. Expression of the difference between the Cold (Han) and Hot (Re) natures of traditional Chinese medicines (Strobal and Rhubarb) based on the cold/hot plate differentiating assay
68. Investigation of the differences between the "Cold" and "Hot" nature of Coptis chinensis Franch and its processed materials based on animal's temperature tropism
69. Comparative pharmacokinetics of dehydroevodiamine and coptisine in rat plasma after oral administration of single herbs and Zuojinwan prescription
70. Influences of Fructus evodiae pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids
71. [Study on enhancing bioavailability of paeoniflorin by combined use with Chinese herbs for inner-warming]
72. Studies on the alkaloid constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth var. bodinaieri (Dode) Huang and their acute toxicity in mice

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