Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)

1. Studied Conditions

Jiaogulan has been studied for various conditions, including but not limited to:

• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Diabetes
• Fatigue
• Immune system enhancement
• Liver protection
• Stress
• Obesity

2. Efficacy in Treating Conditions

While some studies suggest that Jiaogulan may be beneficial in treating certain conditions such as high cholesterol and improving heart function, the evidence is not conclusive. More research is needed to determine its effectiveness for the treatment of specific health conditions.

3. Health Benefits

Jiaogulan is credited with a number of health benefits, including:

• Antioxidant properties
• Adaptogenic effects, helping the body resist stressors
• Enhancing stamina and endurance
• Improving cardiovascular health
• Regulating blood sugar levels
• Boosting the immune system

4. Downsides

Although Jiaogulan is generally considered safe for most people, it can have downsides, including:

• Possible side effects such as nausea and increased bowel movements
• May interact with certain medications, such as those for blood clotting and blood pressure
• Not enough is known about its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Could cause an overactive immune system in some people

5. Genetic Variations

At present, there is limited research on the interaction between Jiaogulan and specific genetic variations. As such, it is not clear whether it is particularly beneficial or harmful for any specific genetic variations. Individuals with genetic conditions should consult with a healthcare professional before using Jiaogulan.

Research Summary on Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)

Jiaogulan, scientifically known as Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has been the subject of various research studies due to its medicinal properties.

New Triterpene Compounds and Anticancer Potential

Research has identified five new triterpene compounds from Jiaogulan, with gypensapogenin C showing significant cytotoxic activity against certain cancer cell lines, demonstrating potential as an anti-cancer agent.

Chemical Composition Analysis for Tea Variants

A method using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC-ELSD has been developed to differentiate between sweet and bitter variants of Jiaogulan tea, with PCA revealing significant chemical differences between the two.

Anti-Diabetic Properties

Jiaogulan contains compounds such as nuciferine which stimulate insulin secretion, offering potential as an alternative treatment for diabetes.

Anti-Inflammatory and Liver-Protective Effects

Studies show that Jiaogulan extracts can significantly reduce inflammation and protect the liver from damage, surpassing the potency of some anti-inflammatory drugs.

Inhibition of PTP1B Enzyme

Research indicates that Jiaogulan compounds can inhibit the PTP1B enzyme, linked to type-2 diabetes and obesity, suggesting antidiabetic benefits.

Cardiovascular Health

An aqueous extract from Jiaogulan leaves exhibits protective effects against heart issues, potentially due to synergistic effects of its components.

Antiproliferative Effects on Liver Cancer Cells

Flavonoid and saponin extracts from Jiaogulan inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells, indicating potential use in liver cancer treatment.

Memory-Enhancing Effects

Compounds from Jiaogulan, such as Gypenoside LXXIV, have been shown to improve learning deficits, suggesting potential applications in memory enhancement.

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Atherosclerotic Drugs Development

The inhibition of VCAM-1 expression by Gypenoside XLIX in human endothelial cells provides insight into the development of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic drugs.

Conclusion

The diverse range of studies on Jiaogulan highlights its significant potential in treating various health conditions, including cancer, diabetes, inflammation, liver damage, cardiovascular issues, and memory impairment. With its variety of biologically active compounds, Jiaogulan presents numerous opportunities for therapeutic applications and drug development.

References:

1. Triterpenes possessing an unprecedented skeleton isolated from hydrolyzate of total saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
2. Chemical differentiation of two taste variants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum by using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC-ELSD
3. Nuciferine stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells-an in vitro comparison with glibenclamide
4. Dammarane-type glycosides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their effects on IL-4-induced eotaxin expression in human bronchial epithelial cells
5. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and liver-protective effects of anoectochilus formosanus, ganoderma lucidum and gynostemma pentaphyllum in rats
6. Novel dammarane-type glycosides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
7. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory effect by dammarane-type triterpenes from hydrolyzate of total Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins
8. Two new triterpene saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
9. Dammarane-type saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
10. Cardiovascular effects of the aqueous extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino
11. Preparative chromatography of flavonoids and saponins in Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their antiproliferation effect on hepatoma cell
12. Gypenoside LXXIV ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning deficit in mice
13. Gypenoside XLIX, a naturally occurring PPAR-alpha activator, inhibits cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and activity in human endothelial cells
14. Gynostemosides A-E, megastigmane glycosides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
15. Determination of the three-dimensional structure of Gynoside A in solution using NMR and molecular modeling
16. Five new Ocotillone-type saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
17. The possible mechanisms by which phanoside stimulates insulin secretion from rat islets
18. A novel insulin-releasing substance, phanoside, from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum
19. Reversal of P-gp and MRP1-mediated multidrug resistance by H6, a gypenoside aglycon from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, in vincristine-resistant human oral cancer (KB/VCR) cells
20. Triterpenoid saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
21. Heat-processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract improves obesity in ob/ob mice by activating AMP-activated protein kinase
22. New dammarane-type glucosides as potential activators of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
23. Dammarane glycosides from the root of Machilus yaoshansis
24. Preparation of carotenoids and chlorophylls from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino and their antiproliferation effect on hepatoma cell
25. Determination of chlorophylls and their derivatives in Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
26. Ombuin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a dual agonistic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ/β
27. Antiproliferation effect and apoptosis mechanism of prostate cancer cell PC-3 by flavonoids and saponins prepared from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
28. Determination of flavonoids and saponins in Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
29. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis and rutin and quercetin compositions in the leaf and whole-plant samples of di- and tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum
30. Chemical composition of five commercial Gynostemma pentaphyllum samples and their radical scavenging, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties
31. Determination of trace elements in herbal tea products and their infusions consumed in Thailand
32. Chemical composition of three polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their antioxidant activity in skeletal muscle of exercised mice
33. Isolation and characterization of immunostimulatory polysaccharide from an herb tea, Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino
34. [Histochemical localization of ginsenosides in Gynostemma pentaphyllum and the content changes of total gypenosides]
35. Specific reversal of multidrug resistance to colchicine in CEM/VLB(100) cells by Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract
36. Gypenosides protects dopaminergic neurons in primary culture against MPP(+)-induced oxidative injury
37. Neuroprotective effect of gypenosides against oxidative injury in the substantia nigra of a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
38. Neuroprotective effects of herbal ethanol extracts from Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease
39. Preconditioning of brain slices against hypoxia induced injury by a Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract--stimulation of anti-oxidative enzyme expression
40. Protection of hippocampal slices against hypoxia/hypoglycemia injury by a Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract
41. Gypenosides protect primary cultures of rat cortical cells against oxidative neurotoxicity
42. Gypenosides improve cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and astrocytic activation
43. Gypenoside attenuates white matter lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats
44. Gypenoside TN-2 ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning deficit in mice
45. Analysis of the inhibitory effect of gypenoside on Na(+), K (+)-ATPase in rats' heart and brain and its kinetics
46. The effect of gypenosides on cardiac function and expression of cytoskeletal genes of myocardium in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats
47. The direct release of nitric oxide by gypenosides derived from the herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum
48. Gypenoside XLIX, a naturally occurring gynosaponin, PPAR-alpha dependently inhibits LPS-induced tissue factor expression and activity in human THP-1 monocytic cells
49. Gypenoside XLIX isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB activation via a PPAR-alpha-dependent pathway
50. Anti-hyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the Zucker fatty rat
51. Phytopreventative anti-hyperlipidemic effects of gynostemma pentaphyllum in rats
52. Characterization of a heteropolysaccharide isolated from diploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino
53. Increased insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice lacking the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B gene
54. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory by dammaranes from Vietnamese Giao-Co-Lam tea
55. Dammaranes from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and synthesis of their derivatives as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
56. Potential hypoglycemic effect of an ethanol extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice
57. Screening of the hypoglycemic effect of eight Vietnamese herbal drugs
58. Antidiabetic Effects of Add-On Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extract Therapy with Sulfonylureas in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
59. Antidiabetic effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea in randomly assigned type 2 diabetic patients
60. Chemical composition of three polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their antioxidant activity in skeletal muscle of exercised mice
61. Gypenosides derived from Gynostemma pentaphyllum suppress NO synthesis in murine macrophages by inhibiting iNOS enzymatic activity and attenuating NF-kappaB-mediated iNOS protein expression
62. Protective effect of gypenosides against oxidative stress in phagocytes, vascular endothelial cells and liver microsomes
63. Long-term oral administration of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract attenuates airway inflammation and Th2 cell activities in ovalbumin-sensitized mice
64. Gynostemma pentaphyllum decreases allergic reactions in a murine asthmatic model
65. Restoration of electric footshock-induced immunosuppression in mice by Gynostemma pentaphyllum components
66. Immunomodulatory effects of cadmium and Gynostemma pentaphyllum herbal tea on rat splenocyte proliferation
67. Extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum enhanced the production of antibodies and cytokines in mice
68. Haemolytic activities and adjuvant effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice
69. Gynostemma pentaphyllum protects mouse male germ cells against apoptosis caused by zearalenone via Bax and Bcl-2 regulation
70. A novel LXR-alpha activator identified from the natural product Gynostemma pentaphyllum
71. Free fatty acids promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a lysosomal pathway
72. Free fatty acids induce JNK-dependent hepatocyte lipoapoptosis
73. Prevention of free fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and cell death in primary hepatocyte cultures by a Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract
74. The molecular mechanism of gypenosides-induced G1 growth arrest of rat hepatic stellate cells
75. The inhibitory effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on MCP-1 and type I procollagen expression in rat hepatic stellate cells
76. Therapeutic effect of gypenoside on chronic liver injury and fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats
77. Protective effects of gypenosides against fatty liver disease induced by high fat and cholesterol diet and alcohol in rats
78. The add-on effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
79. Gypenosides inhibit renal fibrosis by regulating expression of related genes in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction
80. Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute Indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats
81. The anti-gastric ulcer effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino
82. Bronchodilatory effects of the aqueous extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and gypenosides III and VIII in anaesthetized guinea-pigs
83. Gypenosides suppress growth of human oral cancer SAS cells in vitro and in a murine xenograft model: the role of apoptosis mediated by caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways
84. Gypenosides inhibits migration and invasion of human oral cancer SAS cells through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 -9 and urokinase-plasminogen by ERK1/2 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways
85. Gypenosides causes DNA damage and inhibits expression of DNA repair genes of human oral cancer SAS cells
86. Gypenosides induced G0/G1 arrest via CHk2 and apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-dependent pathways in human tongue cancer SCC-4 cells
87. Gypenosides inhibited invasion and migration of human tongue cancer SCC4 cells through down-regulation of NFkappaB and matrix metalloproteinase-9
88. Molecular evidence of anti-leukemia activity of gypenosides on human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro and in vivo using a HL-60 cells murine xenograft model
89. An experimental study on the antileukemia effects of gypenosides in vitro and in vivo
90. Gypenosides induce apoptosis in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells through a calcium/reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial pathway
91. Regulation of Bcl-2 family molecules and activation of caspase cascade involved in gypenosides-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells
92. Gypenoside induces apoptosis in human Hep3B and HA22T tumour cells
93. Gypenosides induced G0/G1 arrest via inhibition of cyclin E and induction of apoptosis via activation of caspases-3 and -9 in human lung cancer A-549 cells
94. Selective induction of apoptosis in glioma tumour cells by a Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract
95. Gypenosides inhibited N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene, N-acetyltransferase gene expression and DNA adduct formation in human cervix epithelioid carcinoma cells (HeLa)
96. N-acetyltransferase is involved in gypenosides-induced N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene and DNA adduct formation in human cervix epidermoid carcinoma cells (Ca Ski)
97. Gypenosides induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through the mitochondria-dependent pathways and activation of caspase-3
98. Chinese herbal extracts (SK0506) as a potential candidate for the therapy of the metabolic syndrome
99. A combination of grape seed-derived procyanidins and gypenosides alleviates insulin resistance in mice and HepG2 cells
100. Chronic toxicity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum
101. Antimutagenicity and DT-diaphorase inducing activity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino extract
102. Mechanisms of induction of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogenesis

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