L Threonate: Comprehensive Overview

1) Studied Conditions

L Threonate, particularly in the form of magnesium L-threonate, has been studied for a variety of conditions, including cognitive decline, memory enhancement, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Research has also looked into its potential effects on bone density and chronic pain management.

2) Efficacy in Treating Conditions

Studies have shown that magnesium L-threonate can be effective in improving cognitive function and memory in both animal models and human trials. Its impact on depression, anxiety, and sleep quality has also been promising, but more extensive and long-term studies are required to conclusively determine its effectiveness for these conditions.

3) Health Benefits

Magnesium L-threonate has been associated with several health benefits, such as enhanced brain function, improved memory and learning ability, better mood regulation, relief from symptoms of anxiety and depression, and potentially improved sleep patterns. Additionally, it might contribute to bone health due to the role of magnesium in bone density maintenance.

4) Downsides

While generally considered safe, L Threonate may have some downsides, such as causing gastrointestinal discomfort or diarrhea at high doses. Other potential side effects could include dizziness or headaches. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider before beginning any new supplement regimen.

5) Genetic Variations

Currently, there is limited research on the interaction between L Threonate and specific genetic variations. Some studies suggest that individuals with certain genetic markers may absorb or utilize magnesium differently, possibly affecting the efficacy or safety of L Threonate. However, more research is needed to draw concrete conclusions about its benefits or risks for individuals with particular genetic variations.

Research Summary on L Threonate

Impact on Androgen-induced Balding

L-threonate, a metabolite of ascorbate, has been studied for its potential to reduce DKK-1 expression, which is stimulated by DHT and associated with androgen-induced balding. The study found that L-threonate significantly inhibits DHT-induced expression of DKK-1 and prevents the inhibition of ORS cell growth, suggesting potential use in treating androgen-driven balding.

Pharmacokinetics and Safety

In a pharmacokinetic study, calcium L-threonate demonstrated a blood half-life of about 2.5 hours with maximum concentration reached after 2 hours. It was well tolerated in both single and multiple dose regimens, with no serious adverse events, and no accumulation of the drug was observed with repeated doses.

Uptake of Ascorbic Acid

Calcium L-threonate was shown to increase the uptake of ascorbic acid in human T-lymphoma cells and 3T3 mouse fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its potential role in enhancing vitamin C uptake.

Effects on Bone Resorption

Both calcium L-threonate and sodium L-threonate were found to significantly reduce bone resorption and CTx levels in rabbit osteoclasts in vitro, with calcium L-threonate being more effective.

Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia

A study found that ferrous L-threonate is significantly effective in treating iron deficiency anemia, with minimal side effects comparable to those of ferrous succinate.

Iron Supplementation in Women

Iron supplementation with ferrous L-threonate in women of child-bearing age led to a normalization of serum transferrin receptor levels, suggesting its effectiveness in restoring iron status and that sTfR can be a specific marker for assessing the effectiveness of iron supplementation.

Cognitive Therapy Enhancement

Magnesium-l-threonate (MgT) treatment was shown to enhance synaptic plasticity and improve the retention of the extinction of fear memories, providing a potential avenue to increase the effectiveness of therapies for anxiety disorders.

Learning and Memory Improvement

MgT was found to enhance learning abilities, working memory, and short-term and long-term memory in rats, suggesting that higher brain magnesium levels can enhance synaptic plasticity and improve learning and memory.

Synthesis and Analysis of Metal Threonates

The synthesis of highly pure solid compounds of L-threonic acid and its metal derivatives was achieved, with the metal ions coordinating in a tetrahedral fashion as revealed by chemical analysis and IR spectroscopy.

References:

1. Preventable effect of L-threonate, an ascorbate metabolite, on androgen-driven balding via repression of dihydrotestosterone-induced dickkopf-1 expression in human hair dermal papilla cells
2. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate represses the dihydrotestosterone-induced dickkopf-1 expression in human balding dermal papilla cells
3. Pharmacokinetics and safety of calcium L-threonate in healthy volunteers after single and multiple oral administrations
4. Effect of aldonic acids on the uptake of ascorbic acid by 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human T lymphoma cells
5. [Effects of L-threonate on bone resorption by osteoclasts in vitro]
6. [A randomized controlled and multicenter clinical study of ferrous L-threonate in treatment of iron deficiency anemia]
7. [Effects of iron supplementation on human serum level of transferrin receptor]
8. Effects of elevation of brain magnesium on fear conditioning, fear extinction, and synaptic plasticity in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex and lateral amygdala
9. Enhancement of learning and memory by elevating brain magnesium
10. [FTIR studies of L-threonic acid and its metal compounds]

Upload Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) raw DNA data today and take a deep dive into your genome!

Or if you only have standard microarray data currently, upload raw DNA data to get started with your free DNA raw data analysis today!