Nattokinase Overview

1) Conditions Studied

Nattokinase has been studied for its potential effects on various conditions, including:

• Blood clotting disorders and prevention of thrombosis
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• Stroke prevention

2) Efficacy in Treating Conditions

Research on nattokinase suggests that it may:

• Help reduce blood clot formation due to its fibrinolytic activity
• Improve blood flow and reduce blood pressure
• Possibly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events

However, more research is needed to conclusively determine its effectiveness for these conditions.

3) Health Benefits

The health benefits attributed to nattokinase include:

• Improving circulatory health
• Reducing the risk of blood clots
• Potentially lowering blood pressure
• Enhancing heart health

4) Downsides

While nattokinase is considered safe for many people, there are some potential downsides:

• May interact with blood-thinning medications, increasing the risk of bleeding
• Not well-studied in pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Possible allergic reactions in some individuals
• Insufficient data on long-term use

5) Impact on Genetic Variations

As of the current knowledge, there is limited information on how nattokinase interacts with specific genetic variations. Some individuals with genetic predispositions to clotting disorders may benefit from its fibrinolytic effects, but this should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Personal genetic variations could influence how one responds to nattokinase, and more research is necessary to understand these interactions fully.

Nattokinase Research Summary

Nattokinase is a potent fibrinolytic enzyme discovered in Natto, a traditional Japanese soybean food. It exhibits strong fibrin-digesting activity, essential for breaking down blood clots. With a molecular weight of approximately 20,000 and an isoelectric point of 8.6, nattokinase can be extracted using saline and is more sensitive to specific plasmin substrates than other substrates.

The enzyme's activity can be significantly inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and other chemical compounds. Other studies have characterized nattokinase as having similar effects to heparin, a commonly used medication for preventing and treating blood clots, suggesting its potential for clinical use as a safe antithrombotic and fibrinolytic therapy. Moreover, the enzyme has been explored for its capacity to degrade amyloid fibrils, associated with diseases like Alzheimer's.

Research has also focused on optimizing nattokinase production through various fermentation techniques, finding that fed-batch culture with controlled pH and nutrient addition can significantly enhance production compared to traditional batch culture. Furthermore, investigations have confirmed that nattokinase can be absorbed through the rat intestinal tract and retains its fibrinogen-degrading activity in the bloodstream.

Clinical trials have assessed the benefits of nattokinase for blood pressure management and cardiovascular disease risk reduction, showing promising results in lowering blood pressure and certain blood clotting factors. It has also demonstrated thrombolytic effects in vivo that may make it a potentially effective agent for dissolving blood clots.

Caution is advised, as there have been case reports of acute cerebellar hemorrhage in patients consuming nattokinase along with other blood thinners, highlighting the need for careful consideration when supplementing with nattokinase, especially in patients with underlying cerebral microangiopathy.

References:

1. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet
2. Studies on bacterial proteases. Some enzymatic and physiochemical properties of the alkaline protease from Bacillus natto
3. Isolation and characterization of a novel extracellular metalloprotease from Bacillus subtilis
4. A newly derived protein from Bacillus subtilis natto with both antithrombotic and fibrinolytic effects
5. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DC-4 screened from douchi, a traditional Chinese soybean food
6. The fibrinolytic activity of a novel protease derived from a tempeh producing fungus, Fusarium sp. BLB
7. Metabolic pathway analysis and kinetic studies for production of nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis
8. Production of nattokinase by batch and fed-batch culture of Bacillus subtilis
9. Production of nattokinase by high cell density fed-batch culture of Bacillus subtilis
10. Purification and biochemical characterization of a nattokinase by conversion of shrimp shell with Bacillus subtilis TKU007
11. Purification and characterization of a strong fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese natto, a popular soybean fermented food in Japan
12. Construction of a 3D model of nattokinase, a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus natto. A novel nucleophilic catalytic mechanism for nattokinase
13. Bioproperties of potent nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis YJ1
14. Purification and characterization of nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis natto B-12
15. Nattokinase-promoted tissue plasminogen activator release from human cells
16. Stabilization and target delivery of Nattokinase using compression coating
17. Strain screening, fermentation, separation, and encapsulation for production of nattokinase functional food
18. Transport of nattokinase across the rat intestinal tract
19. Amyloid-degrading ability of nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis natto
20. Combined nattokinase with red yeast rice but not nattokinase alone has potent effects on blood lipids in human subjects with hyperlipidemia
21. Nattokinase decreases plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII in human subjects
22. Thrombolytic effect of nattokinase on a chemically induced thrombosis model in rat
23. Potent fibrinolytic enzyme from a mutant of Bacillus subtilis IMR-NK1
24. The antiplatelet effects of aspirin; nattokinase as a blood thinner
25. Nattokinase for prevention of thrombosis
26. Enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase
27. Antihypertensive effects of continuous oral administration of nattokinase and its fragments in spontaneously hypertensive rats
28. Prevention of venous thrombosis in long-haul flights with Flite Tabs: the LONFLIT-FLITE randomized, controlled trial
29. Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by subtilisin NAT (nattokinase) in natto, a Japanese traditional fermented food
30. A dipeptide YY derived from royal jelly proteins inhibits renin activity
31. Effects of nattokinase on blood pressure: a randomized, controlled trial
32. Dietary supplementation with fermented soybeans suppresses intimal thickening
33. Highly potent fibrinolytic serine protease from Streptomyces
34. Cerebellar hemorrhage provoked by combined use of nattokinase and aspirin in a patient with cerebral microbleeds

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