Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

1) Conditions Studied

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide has been studied for conditions related to aging, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This includes research into the treatment of age-associated physiological decline, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular health, and Alzheimer's disease.

2) Efficacy in Treating Conditions

The effectiveness of NMN in treating the aforementioned conditions is still under investigation. Preliminary studies, mostly in animal models, have shown promising results, but more extensive clinical trials in humans are required to determine its efficacy and safety.

3) Health Benefits

• May improve metabolic health by enhancing NAD+ biosynthesis, which declines with age.
• Potentially supports energy production and mitochondrial function.
• Could have neuroprotective effects and improve cognitive function.
• May support cardiovascular health and muscle endurance.

4) Downsides

While NMN is generally considered safe, potential downsides include its high cost and the lack of long-term human studies to identify possible side effects. There is also a need for more research to understand optimal dosing and the bioavailability of NMN supplements.

5) Genetic Variations and NMN

Although research is still in its early stages, some genetic variations may influence how individuals respond to NMN supplementation. For example, variations in genes related to NAD+ metabolism could affect the efficacy of NMN. However, more research is needed to provide concrete recommendations based on genetic makeup.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Research Summary

The clinical trial focused on the effects of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels and health markers in healthy middle-aged adults. The randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study dosed participants with 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg of NMN daily for 60 days. The main findings were:

• All NMN groups displayed significant increases in blood NAD levels, with the highest concentrations in the 600 mg and 900 mg groups.
• NMN supplementation was confirmed to be safe and well-tolerated.
• Physical performance improved significantly in the NMN groups, particularly at higher doses.
• Biological age remained stable in NMN groups, in contrast to its increase in the placebo group.
• Insulin resistance showed no significant changes between NMN and placebo groups.
• The general health assessment favored NMN-treated groups, except for the 300 mg group at day 30.

The trial concluded that NMN at doses up to 900 mg daily is safe and shows clinical efficacy for increasing blood NAD concentration and physical performance.

The importance of NAD in maintaining health is highlighted, with NMN being one of the precursors that can boost NAD levels. NMN supplementation has shown potential in improving cellular NAD+ levels, energy, anti-aging effects, and maintaining insulin sensitivity.

Overall, the body of research supports NMN as a promising compound for combating age-related decline and enhancing health, with ongoing studies to further explore its benefits and safety.

References:

1. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial
2. Precursor comparisons for the upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Novel approaches for better aging
3. A Multicentre, Randomised, Double Blind, Parallel Design, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Uthever (NMN Supplement), an Orally Administered Supplementation in Middle Aged and Older Adults
4. NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health
5. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
6. A review of nicotinamide: treatment of skin diseases and potential side effects
7. NAMPT-Mediated NAD Biosynthesis as the Internal Timing Mechanism: In NAD+ World, Time Is Running in Its Own Way
8. Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence
9. NAD+ Intermediates: The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of NMN and NR
10. NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease
11. It takes two to tango: NAD+ and sirtuins in aging/longevity control
12. Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice
13. NAD + biosynthesis, aging, and disease
14. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-aging health product - Promises and safety concerns
15. The SARM1 Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain Possesses Intrinsic NAD+ Cleavage Activity that Promotes Pathological Axonal Degeneration
16. SARM1 is a metabolic sensor activated by an increased NMN/NAD+ ratio to trigger axon degeneration
17. An NAD+/NMN balancing act by SARM1 and NMNAT2 controls axonal degeneration
18. NMN Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis by Regulating the Gut Microbiota
19. Nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2 silencing and extends lifespan via Nrk and Urh1/Pnp1/Meu1 pathways to NAD+
20. Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates senescence in alveolar epithelial cells
21. NAD+ improves cognitive function and reduces neuroinflammation by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and decreasing ROS production in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models through Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway
22. Fueling genome maintenance: On the versatile roles of NAD+ in preserving DNA integrity
23. Nicotinamide Riboside Preserves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
24. NAD(+) metabolism: Bioenergetics, signaling and manipulation for therapy
25. The role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in anti-aging, longevity, and its potential for treating chronic conditions
26. Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates the depression-like behaviors and is associated with attenuating the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in depressed mice
27. Importance of NAD+ Anabolism in Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders
28. Investigating RNA expression profiles altered by nicotinamide mononucleotide therapy in a chronic model of alcoholic liver disease
29. Protection Before Impact: the Potential Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Sports-Related Head Trauma
30. A review of specific dietary antioxidants and the effects on biochemical mechanisms related to neurodegenerative processes
31. A Combination of Nicotinamide and D-Ribose (RiaGev) Is Safe and Effective to Increase NAD+ Metabolome in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Pilot Clinical Trial
32. Vitamins and aging: pathways to NAD+ synthesis
33. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes anti-aging miRNA expression profile in the aorta of aged mice, predicting epigenetic rejuvenation and anti-atherogenic effects
34. Multi-targeted Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Brain Bioenergetic Metabolism
35. NAD+ Therapeutics and Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Exercise in Humans
36. Nicotinamide mononucleotide administration after sever hypoglycemia improves neuronal survival and cognitive function in rats
37. Modulation of NAD+ biosynthesis activates SIRT1 and resists cisplatin-induced ototoxicity
38. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Potential effect of NMN on intestinal barrier and gut microbiota
39. Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Increases Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Level in an Animal Brain
40. Nicotinamide mononucleotide: An emerging nutraceutical against cardiac aging?
41. Improvement of tissue-specific distribution and biotransformation potential of nicotinamide mononucleotide in combination with ginsenosides or resveratrol
42. An Overview and Therapeutic Promise of Nutraceuticals Against Sports-Related Brain Injury
43. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Reverses the Declining Quality of Maternally Aged Oocytes
44. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Rescues Cellular Senescence by NAD+/Sirt3 Pathway in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
45. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: A Promising Molecule for Therapy of Diverse Diseases by Targeting NAD+ Metabolism
46. Precursor comparisons for the upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Novel approaches for better aging
47. Recent Neurotherapeutic Strategies to Promote Healthy Brain Aging: Are we there yet?
48. Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Key Molecule of the Aging/Senescence Process
49. NAD+ Metabolism in Cardiac Health, Aging, and Disease
50. Restoring nuclear entry of Sirtuin 2 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells promotes remyelination during ageing
51. Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women
52. Reversal of endothelial dysfunction by nicotinamide mononucleotide via extracellular conversion to nicotinamide riboside
53. Nicotinamide riboside restores cognition through an upregulation of proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α regulated β-secretase 1 degradation and mitochondrial gene expression in Alzheimer's mouse models
54. NMN recruits GSH to enhance GPX4-mediated ferroptosis defense in UV irradiation induced skin injury
55. Targeting Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Adult Neurogenesis
56. Role of mitochondria in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Influencing the NAD+-dependent SIRT1-PGC-1α-TFAM pathway
57. NAMPT and NAMPT-controlled NAD Metabolism in Vascular Repair
58. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Prevents Experimental Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Loss of Hippocampal Neurons
59. Can nicotinamide riboside protect against cognitive impairment?
60. The Science Behind NMN-A Stable, Reliable NAD+Activator and Anti-Aging Molecule
61. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, an intermediate of NAD+ synthesis, protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion
62. Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Athletes
63. Intracellular NAMPT-NAD+-SIRT1 cascade improves post-ischaemic vascular repair by modulating Notch signalling in endothelial progenitors
64. NMN alleviates radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis by modulating gut microbiota
65. Nutraceuticals against Neurodegeneration: A Mechanistic Insight
66. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial
67. Nicotinamide riboside, a trace nutrient in foods, is a vitamin B3 with effects on energy metabolism and neuroprotection
68. Circadian cardiac NAD+ metabolism, from transcriptional regulation to healthy aging
69. Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men
70. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes neurovascular rejuvenation in aged mice: transcriptional footprint of SIRT1 activation, mitochondrial protection, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects
71. Nicotinamide mononucleotide attenuates brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
72. Diet and Nutraceuticals for Mental and Physical Performance in Athletes
73. Therapeutic Potential of Emerging NAD+-Increasing Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases
74. Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects against β-amyloid oligomer-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal death
75. Resolving Geroplasticity to the Balance of Rejuvenins and Geriatrins
76. Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation reverses vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress with aging in mice
77. Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence
78. Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safe and Efficiently Increases Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Healthy Subjects
79. Acute Treatment with Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride Reduces Hippocampal Damage and Preserves the Cognitive Function of Mice with Ischemic Injury
80. Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Endothelial Precursor Cell Function to Promote Refractory Wound Healing Through Mediating the Sirt1/AMPK Pathway
81. Natural Antioxidant Anthocyanins-A Hidden Therapeutic Candidate in Metabolic Disorders with Major Focus in Neurodegeneration
82. A reduced form of nicotinamide riboside defines a new path for NAD+ biosynthesis and acts as an orally bioavailable NAD+ precursor
83. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Exploration of Diverse Therapeutic Applications of a Potential Molecule
84. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide emerges as a therapeutic target in aging and ischemic conditions
85. Potential Therapeutic Effects of NAMPT-Mediated NAD Biosynthesis in Depression In Vivo
86. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in the Development and Treatment of Cardiac Remodeling and Aging
87. Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice
88. NMN ameliorated radiation induced damage in NRF2-deficient cell and mice via regulating SIRT6 and SIRT7
89. NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease
90. The Plasma NAD+ Metabolome Is Dysregulated in "Normal" Aging
91. Elucidating the Multi-Targeted Role of Nutraceuticals: A Complementary Therapy to Starve Neurodegenerative Diseases
92. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Perspectives in Cardiovascular Diseases
93. Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits post-ischemic NAD(+) degradation and dramatically ameliorates brain damage following global cerebral ischemia
94. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation rescues cerebromicrovascular endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses and improves cognitive function in aged mice
95. Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study
96. Balancing NAD+ deficits with nicotinamide riboside: therapeutic possibilities and limitations
97. Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
98. NAD+ Precursors Repair Mitochondrial Function in Diabetes and Prevent Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

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