Sesamin Information

1) Conditions Studied for Sesamin

Sesamin has been studied for a variety of health conditions, including but not limited to:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol)
• Osteoporosis
• Obesity and weight loss
• Inflammatory disorders
• Liver diseases

2) Efficacy in Treating Conditions

Research on sesamin's effectiveness in treating these conditions is ongoing. Some studies suggest potential benefits in reducing cholesterol and improving lipid profiles, while others show mixed results. The evidence is not conclusive, and more research is needed to determine its therapeutic efficacy.

3) Health Benefits of Sesamin

Sesamin has been associated with several health benefits, such as:

• Antioxidant properties
• Anti-inflammatory effects
• Potential to protect liver function
• May increase vitamin E levels in the body
• Possible bone health benefits

4) Downsides of Sesamin

While sesamin is generally considered safe, some downsides or side effects may include:

• Allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to sesamin or sesame products
• Possible interactions with medications, especially those affecting blood clotting or cholesterol levels
• Limited research on long-term use and safety

5) Genetic Variations and Sesamin

Research into the relationship between genetic variations and the effects of sesamin is in the early stages. Some studies suggest that individuals with certain genetic markers may metabolize sesamin differently, potentially influencing its effectiveness and safety. However, there is not enough evidence to conclusively determine if sesamin is particularly beneficial or harmful for specific genetic variations.

Sesamin Research Summary

Sesamin and Liver Fatty Acid Metabolism: Research indicates sesamin from sesame seeds significantly increases mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation rates in rat liver, with episesamin having a more pronounced effect. It also boosts activity and gene expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation and reduces those associated with fatty acid synthesis.

Sesamin's Protective Effects Against Liver Damage: Sesamin prevents liver damage from nickel exposure in mice in a dose-dependent manner by reducing oxidative stress, decreasing DNA damage, and inhibiting apoptosis, potentially through antioxidant properties and influence on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Effects on Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Sesamin may reduce lipid levels and blood pressure, suggesting a potential role in managing cardiovascular health. Intervention studies with high doses of lignans show more apparent associations with reduced CVD risk compared to observational studies.

Sesamin's Vitamin E Activity: In rats, sesame seed's gamma-tocopherol, combined with sesame lignans, has a synergistic effect resulting in significant vitamin E activity. This suggests a functional interaction between gamma-tocopherol and sesame lignans.

Improvement of Blood Fluidity: Combined intake of sesamin and Schisandra extract improves blood fluidity, with effects maintained for at least two weeks.

Neuroprotective Mechanisms: Sesamin metabolites activate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, providing protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death in neuronal cells. This highlights sesamin's potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases linked to oxidative damage.

Antioxidant Production in Supercritical Water: Sesamin can be transformed in supercritical water to directly produce antioxidants with structures similar to known liver-active sesamin metabolites.

Sesamin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Interaction: Sesamin works synergistically with omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA) to enhance liver fatty acid oxidation, particularly increasing peroxisomal oxidation and gene expression of related enzymes.

Metabolism by Human Cytochrome P450: Sesamin is metabolized by various P450 isoforms, with CYP2C9 playing a significant role. Sesamin inhibits CYP2C9, potentially affecting drug metabolism and safety.

Neuronal Differentiation: Sesamin metabolites facilitate neuronal differentiation and synaptic connection formation through the ERK1/2-MAPK signaling pathway, offering insights for neurological health.

Anticancer and Anti-inflammatory Effects: Sesamin suppresses NF-kappaB signaling, inhibiting gene products involved in cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis, indicating potential protection against cancer and chronic diseases.

Metabolism of Vitamin E: Sesamin strongly inhibits tocopherol metabolism, suggesting it can preserve tocopherol levels by slowing its breakdown.

Fish Oil and Fatty Acid Oxidation: EPA and DHA in the form of ethyl esters do not have the same effect as fish oil on liver fatty acid oxidation in rats.

Measurement of Dietary Lignans in Food: A new method for accurately measuring specific dietary lignans in food has been developed, enhancing the analysis of common lignans for dietary intake studies.

References:

1. A single dose of enterolactone activates estrogen signaling and regulates expression of circadian clock genes in mice
2. Comparative effect of sesamin and episesamin on the activity and gene expression of enzymes in fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in rat liver
3. Sesamin protects mouse liver against nickel-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis by the PI3K-Akt pathway
4. Extended life-span and stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant methuselah
5. Dietary lignans: physiology and potential for cardiovascular disease risk reduction
6. Sesame seed lignans and gamma-tocopherol act synergistically to produce vitamin E activity in rats
7. Evaluation on the combined effect of Sesamin and Schisandra extract on blood fluidity
8. Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 induction via Nrf2/ARE activation in protection against H2O2-induced PC12 cell death by a metabolite of sesamin contained in sesame seeds
9. Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in mediating the effects of fibrates and fatty acids on gene expression
10. Decomposition reaction of sesamin in supercritical water
11. Effects of dietary phenolic compounds on tocopherol, cholesterol, and fatty acids in rats
12. Improvement of liver function in humans using a mixture of schisandra fruit extract and sesamin
13. Sesamin and alpha-tocopherol synergistically suppress lipid-peroxide in rats fed a high docosahexaenoic acid diet
14. Mechanisms mediating the synergistic anticancer effects of combined γ-tocotrienol and sesamin treatment
15. Divergent effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid ethyl esters, and fish oil on hepatic fatty acid oxidation in the rat
16. Quantification of lignans in food using isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
17. Urinary excretion of 2,7, 8-trimethyl-2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman is a major route of elimination of gamma-tocopherol in humans
18. Both the basal and inducible transcription of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene are dependent upon a cAMP response element
19. Sesamin mitigates inflammation and oxidative stress in endothelial cells exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein
20. Inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation by tetrahydrofurofuran lignans from Forsythia suspensa and Magnolia coco
21. Sesamin: A Naturally Occurring Lignan Inhibits CYP3A4 by Antagonizing the Pregnane X Receptor Activation
22. Metabolites of sesamin, a major lignan in sesame seeds, induce neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells through activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway
23. Sesamin manifests chemopreventive effects through the suppression of NF-kappa B-regulated cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenic gene products
24. Cytochrome P4503A-dependent metabolism of tocopherols and inhibition by sesamin
25. Dietary sesamin and docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids synergistically increase the gene expression of enzymes involved in hepatic peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in rats
26. Sesamin is one of the major precursors of mammalian lignans in sesame seed (Sesamum indicum) as observed in vitro and in rats
27. Sesamin attenuates intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in vitro in TNF-alpha-treated human aortic endothelial cells and in vivo in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice
28. Metabolism of sesamin by cytochrome P450 in human liver microsomes
29. Whole sesame seed is as rich a source of mammalian lignan precursors as whole flaxseed
30. A survey of sesamin and composition of tocopherol variability from seeds of eleven diverse sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes using HPLC-PAD-ECD
31. Dietary sesame seed and its lignan, sesamin, increase tocopherol and phylloquinone concentrations in male rats
32. Direct phosphorylation of brain tyrosine hydroxylase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: mechanism of enzyme activation
33. Combined effect of sesamin and α-lipoic acid on hepatic fatty acid metabolism in rats
34. The relative bioavailability of enterolignans in humans is enhanced by milling and crushing of flaxseed
35. Interaction of sesamin and eicosapentaenoic acid against delta 5 desaturation and n-6/n-3 ratio of essential fatty acids in rat
36. Identities and differences in the metabolism of tocotrienols and tocopherols in HepG2 cells
37. Fatty acids and gene expression responses to bioactive compounds in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes
38. Specific dietary polyphenols attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice by alleviating inflammation and endothelial dysfunction
39. Modulatory effects of sesamin on dopamine biosynthesis and L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells
40. Chemical constituents and bioactivity of Piper sarmentosum
41. Constituents of Asarum sieboldii with inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in BV-2 microglial cells
42. Identification of the metabolites of episesamin in rat bile and human liver microsomes
43. Formyl-peptide receptors revisited
44. Induction of HO-1 through p38 MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway by ethanol extract of Inula helenium L. reduces inflammation in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells and CLP-induced septic mice
45. Increased survival after cecal ligation and puncture in mice consuming diets enriched with sesame seed oil
46. Tocopherols are metabolized in HepG2 cells by side chain omega-oxidation and consecutive beta-oxidation
47. Evidence of active nerve cell degeneration in the substantia nigra of humans years after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposure
48. A benzenoid from the stem of Acanthopanax senticosus
49. Zanthoxoaporphines A-C: Three new larvicidal dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-7-one alkaloids from Zanthoxylum paracanthum (Rutaceae)
50. Effects of sesamin and capsaicin on the mRNA expressions of delta6 and delta5 desaturases in rat primary cultured hepatocytes
51. Sesamin suppresses activation of microglia and p44/42 MAPK pathway, which confers neuroprotection in rat intracerebral hemorrhage
52. Flax lignans--analytical methods and how they influence our lunderstanding of biological activity
53. Sex differences in the inhibition of gamma-tocopherol metabolism by a single dose of dietary sesame oil in healthy subjects
54. Therapeutic effect of enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling
55. Sesamin ameliorates oxidative stress and mortality in kainic acid-induced status epilepticus by inhibition of MAPK and COX-2 activation
56. A novel 5'-carboxychroman metabolite of gamma-tocopherol secreted by HepG2 cells and excreted in human urine
57. Critical role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-MAPK pathway in osteoblast differentiation and skeletal development
58. Dietary tocotrienol reduces UVB-induced skin damage and sesamin enhances tocotrienol effects in hairless mice
59. Quercetin and sesamin protect dopaminergic cells from MPP+-induced neuroinflammation in a microglial (N9)-neuronal (PC12) coculture system
60. Effect of sesamin on the composition of eicosapentaenoic acid in liver and on its lymphatic absorption in rats
61. Comparative effects of perilla and fish oils on the activity and gene expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes in rat liver
62. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption and synthesis in rats by sesamin
63. Effects of various tocopherol-containing diets on tocopherol secretion into bile
64. Sesamin modulates tyrosine hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, inducible NO synthase and interleukin-6 expression in dopaminergic cells under MPP+-induced oxidative stress
65. Antihypertensive effects of sesamin in humans
66. Simultaneous determination of two epimeric furofuran lignans (sesamin and asarinin) of Asarum heterotropoides extract in rat plasma by LC/MS/MS: application to pharmacokinetic study
67. The mechanism underlying the synergetic hypocholesterolemic effect of sesamin and α-tocopherol in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet
68. Chemical composition of the epicuticular wax from the fruits of Eucalyptus globulus
69. Sesamin is a potent and specific inhibitor of delta 5 desaturase in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis
70. Effects of dietary ingredients on function and expression of P-glycoprotein in human intestinal epithelial cells
71. Lignans of sesame: purification methods, biological activities and biosynthesis--a review
72. Quantitative NMR analysis of a sesamin catechol metabolite in human urine
73. Comparison of metabolism of sesamin and episesamin by drug-metabolizing enzymes in human liver
74. Influence of major structural features of tocopherols and tocotrienols on their omega-oxidation by tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase
75. Sesamin, a sesame lignan, is a potent inducer of hepatic fatty acid oxidation in the rat
76. Two new constituents from the leaves of magnolia coco
77. Neuroprotective effects of sesamin and sesamolin on gerbil brain in cerebral ischemia
78. Sesamin extends the mean lifespan of fruit flies
79. Anti-estrogenic activity of lignans from Acanthopanax chiisanensis root
80. Dietary sesame seed and its lignans inhibit 2,7,8-trimethyl- 2(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman excretion into urine of rats fed gamma-tocopherol
81. Neuroinflammation in the living brain of Parkinson's disease
82. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fats and cytokine levels of mice
83. Hydroxymatairesinol, a novel enterolactone precursor with antitumor properties from coniferous tree (Picea abies)
84. Effect of schisandrin B and sesamin mixture on CCl(4)-induced hepatic oxidative stress in rats
85. Hypocholesterolemic effect of sesame lignan in humans
86. Dietary sesamin is converted to enterolactone in humans
87. Sesamin synergistically potentiates the anticancer effects of γ-tocotrienol in mammary cancer cell lines
88. Acanthopanax senticosus: review of botany, chemistry and pharmacology
89. Sequential metabolism of sesamin by cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in human liver
90. Interrelated effects of dihomo-γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids, and sesamin on hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in rats
91. Inhibitory effects of epi-sesamin on endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo
92. Effects of sesamin and curcumin on delta 5-desaturation and chain elongation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in primary cultured rat hepatocytes
93. Sesamin (a compound from sesame oil) increases tocopherol levels in rats fed ad libitum
94. Comparative study of sesame lignans (sesamin, episesamin and sesamolin) affecting gene expression profile and fatty acid oxidation in rat liver
95. Antihypertensive effect of sesamin. IV. Inhibition of vascular superoxide production by sesamin
96. Plasma and tissue concentrations of α-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol following high dose dietary supplementation in mice
97. Genetic evidence linking age-dependent attenuation of the 26S proteasome with the aging process
98. Dietary sesame lignans decrease lipid peroxidation in rats fed docosahexaenoic acid
99. Sesame oil consumption exerts a beneficial effect on endothelial function in hypertensive men
100. Erk is essential for growth, differentiation, integrin expression, and cell function in human osteoblastic cells
101. HPTLC fingerprinting and quantification of lignans as markers in sesame oil and its polyherbal formulations
102. Dietary sesame seed and its lignan increase both ascorbic acid concentration in some tissues and urinary excretion by stimulating biosynthesis in rats
103. Studies in humans using deuterium-labeled alpha- and gamma-tocopherols demonstrate faster plasma gamma-tocopherol disappearance and greater gamma-metabolite production
104. Novel antioxidative metabolites in rat liver with ingested sesamin
105. Antitrypanosomal activity of a diterpene and lignans isolated from Aristolochia cymbifera
106. Effects of sesamin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced NIT-1 pancreatic β-cell damage
107. Blueberry extract prolongs lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster
108. Dietary manipulations of body fat-reducing potential of conjugated linoleic acid in rats
109. Nitric oxide and MPP+-induced hydroxyl radical generation
110. Comparative analysis of sesame lignans (sesamin and sesamolin) in affecting hepatic fatty acid metabolism in rats
111. Sesamin stimulates osteoblast differentiation through p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways
112. Sesamin inhibits bacterial formylpeptide-induced inflammatory responses in a murine air-pouch model and in THP-1 human monocytes
113. Apple polyphenols extend the mean lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster
114. Species differences in the physiological activity of dietary lignan (sesamin and episesamin) in affecting hepatic fatty acid metabolism
115. The epimerization of sesamin and asarinin
116. Production and metabolism of lignans by the human faecal flora
117. Effect of the form of the sesame-based diet on the absorption of lignans
118. The N-formyl peptide receptor: a model for the study of chemoattractant receptor structure and function
119. Sesamin ameliorates arterial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats via downregulation of NADPH oxidase subunits and upregulation of eNOS expression
120. Effect of sesamin on mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in rat liver
121. Cytotoxic coumarins and lignans from extracts of the northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum)
122. In vitro metabolism of plant lignans: new precursors of mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol
123. Evaluation of antioxidative effects of sesamin on the in vivo hepatic reducing abilities by a radiofrequency ESR method
124. Effect of sesamin on serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels in LDL receptor-deficient mice
125. Effect of sesamin on serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels in LDL receptor-deficient mice
126. Comparative effects of sesame seed lignan and flaxseed lignan in reducing the growth of human breast tumors (MCF-7) at high levels of circulating estrogen in athymic mice
127. Estrogenic activities of sesame lignans and their metabolites on human breast cancer cells
128. Effect of sesame antioxidants on LPS-induced NO production by BV2 microglial cells
129. Chemical constituents and biological activities of the fruit of Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum
130. Sesame ingestion affects sex hormones, antioxidant status, and blood lipids in postmenopausal women
131. Fish oil at low dietary levels enhances physiological activity of sesamin to increase hepatic fatty acid oxidation in rats
132. Alpha- and gamma-tocotrienols are metabolized to carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman derivatives and excreted in human urine

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