Thunder God Vine Overview

1) Conditions Studied for Thunder God Vine

Thunder God Vine has been studied for its potential effectiveness in treating several conditions, including:

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Lupus
• Psoriasis
• Various inflammatory diseases

2) Effectiveness in Treating Conditions

Studies on Thunder God Vine have shown mixed results. It seems to have some effectiveness in treating:

• Rheumatoid arthritis, by reducing inflammation and joint pain
• Psoriasis, by decreasing skin plaques

However, more research is needed to conclusively determine its efficacy and safety for these and other conditions.

3) Health Benefits of Thunder God Vine

Thunder God Vine may offer health benefits such as:

• Anti-inflammatory effects
• Immunosuppressive properties
• Antioxidant effects

4) Potential Downsides of Thunder God Vine

Despite some potential benefits, Thunder God Vine can have significant downsides, including:

• Potential toxicity if not used correctly
• Side effects like gastrointestinal upset, hair loss, and skin reactions
• Adverse effects on fertility and pregnancy
• Interactions with other medications

Due to these risks, it is crucial to use Thunder God Vine under medical supervision.

5) Genetic Variations and Thunder God Vine

Currently, there is limited research on the relationship between genetic variations and the effects of Thunder God Vine. Some individuals may metabolize or react to the plant differently based on their genetic makeup, but more studies are required to understand these interactions fully.

Thunder God Vine (Tripterygium wilfordii) Research Summary

Drug Delivery and Renal Targeting

A specialized drug delivery system, 14-succinyl triptolide-lysozyme (TPS-LZM), targets renal cells, enhancing triptolide delivery with higher targeting efficiency and prolonged mean residence time. This system shows promise in treating renal ischemia-reperfusion injury with reduced liver toxicity and no negative immune or genital system effects.

Th17 Cells and Autoimmune Diseases

Th17 cells, which produce proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 and contribute to autoimmune diseases, require the transcription factor RORgammat for differentiation. RORgammat-deficient mice show reduced autoimmune disease symptoms, highlighting its role in immune balance and potential as a treatment target.

IL-6 Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

IL-6 signaling is crucial in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to colon cancer, and IL-6 trans-signaling is key in IBD and associated colon cancer. The study reviews the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties of IL-6, suggesting implications for targeted therapies.

Celastrol and Stress Response Pathways

Celastrol, a compound from Thunder God Vine, activates stress response pathways, providing potential therapeutic applications for diseases where cell stress pathways play a role. Celastrol's effects may be due to its interaction with reactive thiol groups in target molecules.

Anti-Allergic Properties of Celastrol

Celastrol exhibits anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting secretion of beta-hexosaminidase, histamine, and Th2 cytokines, reducing calcium influx and cell adhesion. It disrupts ERK phosphorylation, affecting immune response signaling and reducing symptoms of atopic dermatitis in mice.

Toxicity Reduction in Tripterygium Extracts

Research aimed at reducing the toxicity of Tripterygium extracts while maintaining effectiveness has led to a new preparation method using sodium carbonate extraction, resulting in a higher therapeutic index and lower cytotoxicity.

Tripterygium wilfordii in Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis

A systematic review indicates that Tripterygium wilfordii can reduce rheumatoid arthritis symptoms but is associated with serious side effects, suggesting the risks outweigh the benefits for RA treatment.

Triptolide Effects on Breast Cancer Cells

Triptolide, a compound from Tripterygium wilfordii, inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and causes cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells, with a stronger effect on estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 cells.

Nanotechnology in Dermatology

Advancements in nanotechnology for drug delivery systems in dermatology show potential for commercial use, with benefits in controlled drug release and targeted delivery, but require further safety assessments.

Celastrol's Molecular Mechanism

Celastrol disrupts the function of Hsp90 molecular chaperone by inactivating the co-chaperone p23, presenting a novel mechanism of inhibiting p23 with potential therapeutic implications.

Triptolide Analogs

The synthesis of triptolide analogs, particularly (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), shows lower toxicity and higher immunosuppressive activity compared to triptolide, suggesting promise as a therapeutic agent.

Drug Interactions and Metabolism

The interaction between triptolide and dexamethasone affects the metabolism and toxicity of triptolide. Dexamethasone pretreatment changes triptolide's metabolism and reduces its liver toxicity while also mitigating kidney toxicity.

Triptolide and Immune Suppression

Triptolide suppresses the differentiation and activity of Th17 cells, potentially explaining its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties in autoimmune diseases.

Triptolide and Liver Damage

Triptolide can protect the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting IL-17 production and modulating neutrophil migration and transcription factors, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Demethylzeylasteral and Drug Metabolism

Demethylzeylasteral from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. inhibits certain UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, potentially leading to drug-drug interactions and metabolic disorders.

Male Reproductive Toxicity and Tripterygium Glycosides

Tripterygium glycoside-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles may protect against male reproductive toxicity, maintaining normal sperm quality and reproductive success in rat models.

Celastrol and Heat Shock Response

Celastrol activates the human heat shock response, suggesting potential as a pharmaceutical agent for modulating this response for therapeutic purposes.

Molecular Targets of Celastrol

Celastrol suppresses the IKK-NF-kappaB signaling pathway and has strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, but further testing is required before clinical use.

Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) in Cell Death

AIF contributes to cell death by causing chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, with studies showing that reduced AIF can protect neurons from damage.

Celastrol and Melanoma Apoptosis

Celastrol induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathways and suppression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, offering insights into therapeutic strategies for melanoma.

Celastrol and Tumor Cell Invasion

Celastrol potentiates TNF-induced apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell invasion by suppressing the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.

Proteasome Inhibition by Celastrol

Celastrol inhibits the proteasome's chymotrypsin-like activity in prostate cancer cells, reducing tumor growth and inducing apoptosis.

IL-6 Signaling and Th17 Cell Development

IL-6 directly promotes Th17 cell development by activating the gp130-STAT3 pathway, with potential implications for controlling Th17-mediated immune responses.

Triptolide Metabolism and Toxicity

Inactivating hepatic P450 enzymes inhibits the liver's ability to metabolize triptolide, increasing its bioavailability and toxicity.

Triptolide's Role in IBD Treatment

Triptolide may alleviate colitis by suppressing the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway and decreasing IL-17 expression, showing therapeutic potential for treating IBD.

Stress Response and Innate Immunity

HSP70 and HSP90 regulate the IKK complex and NF-kappaB signaling, influencing stress responses and immune signals, potentially preventing cancer.

Triptolide Nanoparticles for Arthritis Treatment

Triptolide-loaded poly(D,L-lactic acid) nanoparticles reduce inflammation in a rat model of arthritis, suggesting a potential long-term treatment with reduced toxicity.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tripterygium wilfordii

The total alkaloids from Tripterygium wilfordii reduce symptoms and inflammatory markers in a rat model of arthritis, supporting its clinical use.

References:

1. The targeting of 14-succinate triptolide-lysozyme conjugate to proximal renal tubular epithelial cells
2. The orphan nuclear receptor RORgammat directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells
3. Interleukin-6 trans-signaling and colonic cancer associated with inflammatory bowel disease
4. Activation of heat shock and antioxidant responses by the natural product celastrol: transcriptional signatures of a thiol-targeted molecule
5. Celastrol binds to ERK and inhibits FcepsilonRI signaling to exert an anti-allergic effect
6. Biological activity and safety of Tripterygium extract prepared by sodium carbonate extraction
7. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials of Tripterygium wilfordii for rheumatoid arthritis
8. Effects of triptolide from Tripterygium wilfordii on ERalpha and p53 expression in two human breast cancer cell lines
9. Nanoparticles in dermatology
10. Celastrol inhibits Hsp90 chaperoning of steroid receptors by inducing fibrillization of the Co-chaperone p23
11. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), a novel triptolide analog mediates immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo
12. Effects of cytochrome P4503A inducer dexamethasone on the metabolism and toxicity of triptolide in rat
13. Characterization of triptolide hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 in human and rat liver microsomes
14. Triptolide inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells and suppresses collagen-induced arthritis
15. Triptolide protects mice from ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibition of IL-17 production
16. Demethylzeylasteral exhibits strong inhibition towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6 and 2B7
17. Protective effects of tripterygium glycoside-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on male reproductive toxicity in rats
18. Molecular mechanism of inhibition of the human protein complex Hsp90-Cdc37, a kinome chaperone-cochaperone, by triterpene celastrol
19. The research on the anti-inflammatory activity and hepatotoxicity of triptolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle
20. Triptolide inhibits MDM2 and induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells through a p53-independent pathway
21. Anti-inflammatory effects and hepatotoxicity of Tripterygium-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats
22. [Modulatory effect of triptolide on differentiation of human Th17 cells]
23. Disseminated cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma in a patient receiving triptolide/tripdiolide for rheumatoid arthritis
24. Dietary flavonoids as proteasome inhibitors and apoptosis inducers in human leukemia cells
25. Celastrols as inducers of the heat shock response and cytoprotection
26. Celastrol: Molecular targets of Thunder God Vine
27. Apoptosis-inducing factor: a matter of neuron life and death
28. Apoptosis-inducing factor: a matter of neuron life and death
29. Celastrol inhibits growth and induces apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells via the activation ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway and the suppression of PI3K/AKT signaling
30. Celastrol, a novel triterpene, potentiates TNF-induced apoptosis and suppresses invasion of tumor cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB-regulated gene products and TAK1-mediated NF-kappaB activation
31. Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice
32. IL-6-gp130-STAT3 in T cells directs the development of IL-17+ Th with a minimum effect on that of Treg in the steady state
33. Knockout of hepatic P450 reductase aggravates triptolide-induced toxicity
34. Triptolide ameliorates IL-10-deficient mice colitis by mechanisms involving suppression of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway and down-regulation of IL-17
35. Innate immunity meets with cellular stress at the IKK complex: regulation of the IKK complex by HSP70 and HSP90
36. Anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide loaded poly(D,L-lactic acid) nanoparticles on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats
37. Therapeutic effects of total alkaloids of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. on collagen-induced arthritis in rats

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