Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH), also known as enlarged prostate, is a common condition that affects men as they age. It is characterized by an increase in the size of the prostate gland, which is located near the bladder and urethra.
Symptoms of BPH may include:
- Difficulty starting urination
- Weak urine stream
- Dribbling after urination
- Frequent urination, particularly at night
- Urinary retention or the inability to completely empty the bladder
- Urinary tract infections
The exact cause of BPH is not known, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes that occur as men age. Specifically, the hormone testosterone is converted into a more potent form called dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which can cause the prostate gland to grow.
Diagnosis of BPH involves a combination of medical history, physical exam, and tests such as urine flow studies and ultrasound imaging to measure the size of the prostate gland.
Treatment for BPH varies depending on the individual and the severity of symptoms. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as limiting fluid intake before bedtime or reducing alcohol and caffeine consumption can help manage symptoms. Medications such as alpha blockers or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may also be prescribed to help relax the muscles around the prostate gland or to reduce the production of DHT.
In cases where symptoms are severe or complications such as urinary retention or recurrent urinary tract infections occur, surgery may be necessary to remove or reduce the size of the prostate gland. It is important to work with a healthcare professional to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to the individual's specific needs.
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