Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that some women experience in the days leading up to their menstrual period. PMS can vary in severity and duration from woman to woman, and can even change from month to month.
Symptoms of PMS may include:
- Mood swings and irritability
- Anxiety or depression
- Fatigue
- Bloating
- Breast tenderness or swelling
- Headaches or migraines
- Changes in appetite or food cravings
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Acne or other skin problems
The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle. Fluctuations in levels of estrogen and progesterone can affect the levels of other hormones, such as serotonin, which can contribute to mood changes.
There are several strategies that can help manage PMS symptoms, including:
- Eating a balanced and healthy diet
- Regular exercise
- Getting enough sleep
- Stress reduction techniques such as yoga or meditation
- Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or naproxen for cramps or headaches
- Hormonal contraceptives such as birth control pills or patches, which can help regulate hormone levels
In severe cases, a healthcare professional may recommend prescription medication to manage symptoms. It is important to talk to a healthcare professional if PMS symptoms are significantly affecting daily life or if new symptoms develop, as they may indicate an underlying medical condition.
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